Classis Michigan
Classis Midwest 2nd Meeting Agenda Classis Michigan
Classis Midwest 2nd Meeting AgendaAGENDA
The Second Meeting of Classis Midwest URCNA
Convening at Beverly United Reformed Church, Wyoming, Michigan
August 5, A.D. 1997
8:00 a.m.
1. Opening Devotions
Officers of the day: Rev. A. Besteman, president; Rev. T. Wetselaar vice-president
2. Presentation of credentials and roll call of delegates
3. Declaration that classis is constituted
4. Reception of churches that have joined the URC or have been organized since the last classis meeting:
Grace URC, Alto, MI
Grant Park URC, Grant Park, IL
Community Reformed Bible Church, Highland, IN
Pleasant Valley Church, Longmont, CO
Calvary URC, Loveland, CO
Newton URC, Newton, NJ
Bethany Covenant Reformed Church, South Holland, IL
URC of Champlain Valley, Vergennes, VT
(Perhaps a few more will have made it official by August 5)
5. Welcome Guests and Visitors
6. Signing of the Form Of Subscription by first time delegates
7. Adoption of proposed time schedule: 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. with fifteen minute breaks at 10 a.m. & 3:30 p.m., & meal breaks from 12 Noon to 1:30 p.m. & 5-6:00 p.m.
8. Report(s) of Convening Council, Clerk and Treasurer
9. Candidacy Exam of Mr. Brian Vos. See schedule reverse side. Mr. Vos has a call from Trinity URC, Byron Center conditional upon successfully sustaining his candidacy and ordination exams. Classis will be asked to waive the ordination exam since it would take place in the same classis (see CO Appendix 2.2.d).
Sermon evaluation - Rev. Besteman
Confessional Knowledge - Rev. Oord
Practica - Rev. Knott
Reformed Doctrine - Rev. Leestma
Bible Knowledge - Rev. Arrick
Church History - Rev. H. Zekveld
Biblical Exegesis - Rev. Vander Meulen
Ethics - Rev. Wesseling
10. Proposed Classical Rules of Procedure (and if approved elect treasurer)
11. Overtures:
Overture 1. Limit Term Of Denominational Clerk
Overture 2. Create Smaller Classes
Overture 3. Revise CO Art. 33 Fraternal Relations
Overture 4. Classical Reimbursement
Overture 5. Denominational Reimbursement
Overture 7. Denominational Funding
Overture 8. Closer Ties With OPC
Overture 9. Establish New Classis
Overture 10. Grandfather Clause For Evangelists
Overture 11. Revise CO Art. 31 Classes To Approve Reception Of New Churches
Overture 12. Revise CO Art. 45 Missionaries Other Than Ministers Of The Word
Overture 13. Revise CO Art. 46 Do Not Require Liturgical Form For Marriages
Overture 14. Establish A Church Help Fund
12. Request of ICRC Membership Committee re. Rev. Gangar to Seoul, Korea, attached
13. Credentials, Requests for Advice and CO Art. 25 Questions
14. Closing matters: concept minutes, place and date of next meeting, thanks to host church, prayer and adjournment
OVERTURES TO CLASSIS MIDWEST August 1997
OVERTURE 1. Limit Term of Denominational Clerk
The council of Bethel URC (Jenison, MI) overtures Classis Midwest to overture Synod 1997 to specify the term of office of the Stated Clerk of the U.R.C.N.A. to be for 3 years, and that any one Stated Clerk may not be eligible for more than 2 consecutive terms.
Grounds:
1. Article 19 of the Church Order encourages the broader assemblies to specify these terms;
2. By having a constricted term of office no one person will receive or be able to exercise undue power or influence.
Ken Scott
Clerk of Council
OVERTURE 2. Create Smaller Classes
The Council of the Lynwood United Reformed Church overtures Classis Midwest to overture the 1997 Synod of the United Reformed Churches in North America to realign the classes of the URC, making them smaller in size (perhaps five to ten churches, if possible) and more regional in composition.
For example, there could be a classis in Western Michigan, one in the Illinois/Indiana/Wisconsin area, several in Ontario, etc.
Grounds:
1. With our continued growth in number of churches, such a division becomes possible. (We have grown to 51 congregations, and more are coming.)
2. Smaller and regional classes are more economical because travel expense will not be as great. (Travel expenses, especially in the large U.S. classis can be burdensome.)
3. Smaller and regional classes are easier to schedule for meetings.
4. Smaller and regional classes will keep one classis from becoming more powerful. Historically, Reformed churches were partial to this arrangement for this reason.
Don Zylstra
Clerk of Council
OVERTURE 3. Revise CO Art 33 Fraternal Relations
The Cornerstone Orthodox Reformed Church overtures Classis Midwest to overture the Synod to revise Article 33 of the Church Order to read: Churches are encouraged to pursue ecumenical relations with reformed churches outside of the federation which mani-fest the marks of the true church and demonstrate faithful allegiance to Scripture as summarized in the Three Forms of Unity. Each church is to give an account of its ecumenical activities to the church visitors.
Grounds:
1. This helps to clear up the ambiguity of Article 33 that has been demonstrated at synod and classis.
2. This removes from the local church the excessive oversight of classis presently mandated by Article 33.
3. It keeps the local church accountable to the classis for its ecumenical activities.
4. When taken together with Articles 34 and 35, this revision encourages initiative for reformed ecumenism at the local level in addition to the classical and synodical levels.
5. It serves to guard against the wrongheaded "executive ecumenism" of liberalizing communions.
Dick S. Hofman
Clerk of Council
OVERTURE 4. Classical Reimbursement
The Cornerstone Orthodox Reformed Church of Sanborn, IA, overtures Classis Midwest to offer standard reimbursement only in housekeeping matters. Reimbursements shall be offered for travel expenses (according to the form of travel of lowest cost), clerical expenses, the expenses of hosting classis, and honorariums.
Grounds:
1. This will help to limit classical expenses.
2. This will prevent classis from assuming the expenses of ministries that belong to the local church.
Dick S. Hofman
Clerk of Council
OVERTURE 5. Denominational Reimbursement
The Cornerstone Orthodox Reformed Church of Sanborn, IA, overtures classis Midwest to overture Synod to offer standard reimbursement only in housekeeping matters. Reim-bursements shall be offered for travel expenses (according to the form of travel of lowest cost), clerical expenses, the expenses of hosting synod, and honorariums.
Grounds:
1. This will help to limit synodical expenses.
2. This will prevent synod from assuming expenses of ministries that belong to the local church.
Dick S. Hofman
Clerk of Council
The Cornerstone Orthodox Reformed Church of Sanborn, IA, overtures Classis Midwest to adopt a system of financial stewardship based on the free-will giving of the churches without establishing anything on the order of quotas. The treasurer of the classis shall make known the need and the churches shall be asked to respond to that need each according to its ability.
Grounds:
1. This is the system of financial stewardship indicated among the New Testament churches in matters of mutual concern (cf. II Corinthians 8 & 9).
2. We should try to avoid any system of financial accountability among the churches that might be viewed as compulsory.
3. Churches will be more apt to keep expenses down if funds are made available according to need rather than according to precept.
4. As the financial needs of classis become better known, the churches will then be able to budget as they deem appropriate, thus allowing financial obligations to be decided locally.
Dick S. Hofman
Clerk of Council
OVERTURE 7. Denominational Funding
The Cornerstone Orthodox Reformed Church of Sanborn, IA, overtures Classis Midwest to overture the Synod to adopt a system of financial stewardship based on the free-will giving of the churches without establishing on the order of quotas. The treasurer of the Synod shall make known the need and the churches shall be asked to respond to that need each according to its ability.
Grounds:
1. This is the system of financial stewardship indicated among the New Testament churches in matters of mutual concern (cf. II Corinthians 8 & 9).
2. We should try to avoid any system of financial accountability among the churches that might be viewed as compulsory.
3. Churches will be more apt to keep expenses down if funds are made available according to need rather than according to precept.
4. As the financial needs of synods become better known, the churches will then be able to budget as they deem appropriate, thus allowing financial obligations to be decided locally.
Dick S. Hofman
Clerk of Council
OVERTURE 8. Closer Ties With OPC
The Cornerstone Orthodox Reformed Church of Sanborn, IA, overtures Classis Midwest to overture the Synod to study the Confessional Standards and Form of Government of the Orthodox Presbyterian Church with regard to the similarities and differences between them and the Confessional Standards and Church Order of the United Reformed Churches in North America in order to work toward ecclesiastical unity with the Orthodox Presbyterian Church.
Grounds:
1. At its 1997 General Assembly the Orthodox Presbyterian Church expressed its close affinity with the United Reformed Churches in North America when it severed ties with the Christian Reformed Church in North America and voted to begin fraternal correspondence with URCNA.
2. We need to build upon a long history of seeking ecclesiastical unity with the Orthodox Presbyterian Church which began in the Christian Reformed Church and continued for many years until it was prematurely cut off in 1963 when the CRC Synod rejected the recommendations of the Committee on Closer Relationships with the Orthodox Presbyterian Church (see appended report and Recommendations taken from the 1963 Acts of Synod, pp. 274-282). Unity with the OPC was once again pursued when the Alliance of Reformed Churches studied the confessional similarities and differences and in 1994 and 1995 adopted the Westminster Standards as part of its Confessional basis.
Dick S. Hofman
Clerk of Council
OVERTURE 9. Establish New Classis
The Cornerstone Orthodox Reformed Church of Sanborn, IA, overtures Classis Midwest to overture Synod to establish a new classis consisting of the churches that are in a region west of the Illinois-Iowa boundary.
Grounds:
1. There are enough churches in this area of the Midwest to constitute a classis.
2. Presently, the distance between the churches in Classis Midwest is great and the cost of meeting semi-annually is prohibitive.
Dick S. Hofman
Clerk of Council
OVERTURE 10. Grandfather Clause For Evangelists
Redeemer United Reformed Church of Orange City overtures Classis Midwest to over-ture synod concerning any church which is admitted into the United Reformed Churches which already has an ordained evangelist working under its supervision, to allow that church to continue the evangelist in office according to its own rules even though the United Reformed Churches do not recognize the office of evangelist. This permission shall be limited as follows:
a. The office of evangelist in that church shall be terminated when the position becomes vacant.
b. The evangelist’s supervision shall be an entirely internal matter with his calling church.
c. The evangelist shall not exercise his office outside the field to which he has been called.
Grounds:
1. This permission will help minimize potential impediments to churches considering membership in the United Reformed Churches. At least one church considering membership in the United Reformed Churches has an ordained evangelist.
2. By requiring that the office be terminated when the position becomes vacant, this permission seeks to uphold the high standards embodied in the Church Order for those who would preach the Word of God, namely a seminary education including training in the original languages of Scripture, something not required for the office of evangelist where that office is recognized.
3. This permission is preferable to having the church "upgrade" the evangelist’s office to that of minister of the Word before entering the federation.
Roger Heckathorn
Clerk of Council
OVERTURE 11. Revise CO Art. 31 Classis To Approve Reception Of New Churches
Trinity Reformed Church of Cape Coral, Florida,respectfully requests that Classis Midwest overture Synod to amend article 31 of the Church Order in the following manner:
Instead of the last sentence reading: "Any such church shall be recommended by the sponsoring classis to the synod and shall be received into membership upon approval by a majority vote," change the last sentence to read: Any such church shall be received into membership upon approval by a majority vote of classis.
Grounds:
1. If synod meets only once in three years, as in art. 27, it is conceivable that a congregation wanting to join the federation may have to wait almost three years for admittance, an unreasonable delay.
2. Even if synod meets annually, a congregation wanting to unite with the federation may be under undue constraints to disunite with another denomination in a timely manner if it had to wait almost a year.
3. Vesting the power of federation in the classis is in keeping with the rest of the Church Order’s intention of reposing power and authority in the lower assemblies, granting synod only delegated responsibilities.
a. Article 21. The organization of a congregation takes place under the supervision of a neighboring consistory and with advice of classis.
b. Article 29. The withdrawal of a congregation from the federation requires only a written statement to its classis.
c. Articles 25 and 26. The need of a consistory for help and advice is taken care of at the classical level. The assistance that directs "all things toward the peace, edification, and greatest profit of the churches" reflects the essential fellowship that congregations have in classis.
Arthur G. Doctor
Clerk of Council (pro tem)
OVERTURE 12. Revise CO Art 45 Missionaries Other Than Ministers Of The Word
Trinity Reformed Church of Cape Coral, Florida, respectfully requests that Classis Midwest overture synod to amend article 45 of the Church Order as follows:
Replace the phrase "ministers of the Word" by the word "those." The sentence will then read: When this task is to be performed beyond the field of an organized church, it is to be carried out by those set apart to this labor, who are called, supported, and supervised by their consistories.
Grounds:
1. It is realistic to expect that the great missionary enterprise of the church encompasses the support of many workers whose main task is not preaching the Word, but whose work is essential to that preaching. Such workers as teachers, translators, medical personnel, and maintenance workers need support on a foreign field, and they are properly designated "missionaries" in the work they do.
The main difference between a pastor of a church here and a missionary preaching abroad is that the "home-based missionary" receives supportive services from personnel in the congregation or community.
2. If the intent of the Church Order is that those sent to a foreign mission field to preach the Word must be ordained ministers of the Word, then the Order should state that.
Arthur G. Doctor
Clerk of Council (pro tem)
OVERTURE 13. Revises CO Art. 46 Do Not Require Liturgical Form for Marriages
Trinity Reformed Church of Cape Coral, Florida, respectfully requests that Classis Midwest overture synod to amend article 46 of the Church Order by deleting the phrases:
"under the regulation of the Consistory, with the use of the appropriate liturgical form."
Grounds:
1. The words "under the regulation of the Consistory" are pointless, since in actual practice the Consistory has little to say in regard to wedding ceremonies.
2. The concern of the Church that Christian marriage ceremonies be safeguarded from contamination by non-Christian elements is sufficiently addressed in the article without a restriction to the use of one particular form.
3. The insistence on the use of one form smacks of sacerdotalism, almost making a sacrament of marriage and implying that a particular ritual imposes sanctity upon the marriage union.
4. Such insistence insults the intelligence and/or spiritual discernment of ministers, as though they cannot be trusted to perform Christian marriages in a Christian manner.
5. Such insistence unnecessarily leaves a door open to unlawful departure from the Church Order by closing the door to thoughtful use of appropriate forms not using the sanctioned wording.
Arthur G. Doctor
Clerk of Council (pro tem)
OVERTURE 14. Establish Church Help Fund
The Council of the Trinity Untied Reformed Church of Walnut Creek, California overtures Classis Midwest, United Reformed Churches in North America (URCNA) to overture Synod to pursue the establishment and administration of a Church Help Fund, and include procedures to notify member churches of opportunities to voluntarily assist other develop-ing URCNA congregations.
Grounds:
1. The Lord calls us to assist churches in need (Romans 15:25-27; II Cor. 8:1-15).
2. To enable churches to focus on the truth - "to reading, exhortation, to doctrine" (I Timothy 4:12-13)
3. The Lord calls us to visibly demonstrate our spiritual unity (Eph. 4:1-3). In addition, the introduction to the Church Order of the URCNA states: "The churches of the federation, although distinct, voluntarily display their unity by means of a common confession and church order. This is expressed as they cooperate and exercise mutual concern for one another." (Our emphasis added). Article 23 elaborates further: "Although congregations are distinct and equal and do not have dominion over each other, they ought to preserve fellowship with each other because they are all united with Christ, the spiritual and governing Head of the church." One opportunity to manifest this unity in Christ, and demonstrate God’s grace, is for those churches, who are blessed, to have a means of voluntarily assisting other churches with fewer available resources - both materially and spiritually. This assistance is particularly important to churches without an adequate support base.
4. The Lord blesses those who give (I Cor. 16:1-3; II Cor. 9:6-15).
Jack E. Kamphuis
Clerk
OVERTURE 15. Adopt Reformed Trumpet As Official Publication
The Council of Beverly United Reformed Church, Wyoming, Michigan, hereby overtures Classis Midwest of the United Reformed Churches in North America to overture the Synod of the United Reformed Churches to adopt "The Reformed Trumpet" as the official publica-tion of the United Reformed Churches of North America.
Grounds:
1. The Federation has a need for a publication for manifesting our spiritual unity and edifying and encouraging one another in our common faith. Acts 15:30-32; Rom. 14:19; I Cor. 12:12; Eph. 4:3; Phil. 2:1-5; I Thess. 5:11; and Heb. 10:24.
2. "The Reformed Trumpet" is an established publication in Classis Midwest of the United Reformed Churches and could easily be expanded.
3. "The Reformed Trumpet" is offered to the Federation for this purpose.
4. The United Reformed Churches would be given complete control of the "The Reformed Trumpet" and could adapt it to serve its own purposes.
Robert E. Smits
Clerk
OVERTURE 16. Establish Federation As A Tax Free Corporation
The Council of Beverly United Reformed Church, Wyoming, Michigan, overtures Classis to overture Synod that the federation, already established and recognized as the United Reformed Churches in North America, be permanently established as tax-free corporations in both the United States and Canada. These corporations then to be conjoined by a Joint Venture Agreement. The corporations will exist and be governed by By-laws to be adopted at a meeting of Synod, and the Church Order which was adopted at the organizational meeting of the federation in 1996. Officers of the corporation will be a President, Vice-President, Secretary and Treasurer, and shall each serve for three (3) years, and no longer than two terms. As a combined Board they will meet together annually as required by both governments, and, if possible, to schedule such meetings at the time of the meeting of synod. Each officer, and the combined Board, apart from meeting the require-ments of the respective governments, would have no more, or no less, responsibility or power than is given to them by a vote of Synod.
Grounds:
1. The concept of incorporation fulfills our Biblical mandate to do all things decently and in good order. I Corinthians 14:40.
2. The concept of incorporation has been included in all the documents from the beginning stages of the federation, and was not deleted from the mandate given to the structure committee by our first Synod.
3. Properties, such as FAX machine, copy machine, computers and other office equipment cannot be owned by a non-existent entity, and are necessary for our on-going work.
4. Funds collected, or donations given, to tax-exempt churches can be forwarded to another tax-exempt corporation, but cannot be transferred to a non-existent (legal) entity. Such a transfer could be questioned by the Internal Revenue Service in the United States and Revenue Canada in Canada.
5. The corporate name "The United Reformed Churches in North America" may be trademarked for our exclusive use. At the present time any church group may use this name.
6. The concept of incorporation is a means to an end and does not presuppose the development of a bureaucracy, as many fear. The Board of Corporate officers will have no more power than what Synod, representing all the churches, designates.
7. The present method of collecting funds and using designated churches as a receiving and distribursing agent is not an acceptable method of collecting and accounting of federation funds. Treasurers should be elected in both the United States and Canada so that an audited accounting can be given when synod meets.
8. Most of the mainline churches in the United States and Canada are, and have been, incorporated for many years. In the increasingly complex and regulatory society in which we exist the affairs of the federation must be conducted in a most scrupulous and legal way. This can be accomplished, in part by incorporation.
Robert E. Smits
Clerk
RESPONSIBILITY OF OFFICERS
President:
1. To act as an official representative of the corporation as required by each civil government.
2. To call an annual meeting of all directors along with additional meetings as required.
3. To represent the federation whenever requested or appointed by Synod to do so.
Vice-president:
1. To assist the President in his duties.
2. To fill the position of President whenever the President is unable to fulfill his duties.
Secretary:
1. To keep records and minutes of all meetings held by the board.
2. To submit all annual reports required by the civil government and maintain records of the reports.
3. May also hold position of the Stated Clerk and be responsible for those duties.
4. To assist the Stated Clerk whenever possible.
5. To make sure the minutes of all Classis and Synod meetings are mailed to each church.
6. Give a report at each Synod meeting.
Treasurer:
1. To receive funds from donating churches and individuals to be distributed for federation needs.
2. Establish a checking account and money market fund to managed the funds.
3. Establish an address for churches and individuals to send funds.
4. To give financial report at each Synod meeting.
5. Keep accurate records of all funds received.
6. To send receipts to all churches or individuals who send funds.
Part of Overture 8
August 5, A.D. 1997
Classis Midwest
The 1963 CRC Synod Report of the
COMMITTEE ON CLOSER RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE ORTHODOX PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH
ESTEEMED BRETHREN: In order that we may be able to have the question under discussion clearly before us, the following brief history is given as background material.
I. History
As early as 1940 a fraternal delegate from the Orthodox Presbyterian Church (OPC) expressed the hope to our Synod that the two denominations might soon become fully recognized sister churches (Acts 1940, p. 83). It was urged at the Synod by a study committee that the OPC be recognized as a sister church. However, it seems that because no well defined study had been made concerning principles for relationships with other churches, Synod decided to withhold action and appointed a committee to study and formulate guiding principles for ecumenical relationships (Acts 1940, p. 63).
In 1944 this study committee presented a lengthy report to Synod (Acts 1944, pp. 330-367). This report was summarized in 12 principles or propositions which were adopted by the Synod upon the recommendations of the advisory committee (Acts 1944, pp. 83-85). It seems that these well-defined principles have not received the attention that they deserved. In subsequent years little mention was made of them. Wide circulation and emphasis was not accorded them. It has been encouraging, however, to note that in more recent years these principles are again being brought to the attention of our churches. In 1961 the standing Synodical Committee on Ecumenicity included them in its report (Acts 1961, p. 478). We mention these principles because they have direct bearing upon the question before us and we shall have occasion to refer to them again.
From 1946 until 1955 there was exchange of fraternal delegates between the OPC Assemblies and the CRC Synods. Little was done by way of progress towards closer relationships in those years beyond this exchange of fraternal greetings. In 1951 Dr. N. B. Stonehouse concluded his remarks to our Synod by saying that, ". . . beyond cooperation beckons union of these two churches."
Then in 1955 an overture from Classis Pacific was received asking Synod to appoint a committee to investigate possibilities for closer relationships with the OPC. Among the grounds given, one referred to the decisions of the Synod of 1944 and the 12 principles already mentioned. The Synod of 1955 adopted the overture of Classis Pacific and referred it to the standing Committee on Ecumenicity.
In 1956 the standing Synodical Committee on Ecumenicity recommended that Synod appoint a committee of four and invite the General Assembly of the OPC to appoint a similar committee, which committees should confer together and investigate the possibilities for closer relationships between the denominations. This recommendation was adopted and a contact committee was appointed to meet with a similar committee from the OPC.
In 1957 a statement of three paragraphs was agreed upon by members of the joint committees ( the combined OPC and CRC committees). These three paragraphs were presented to Synod as a working basis for further conversations These paragraphs were adopted, the first of which is quoted here (Acts 1957, p. 104).
"In view of the unity of the body of Christ and in view of the basic community that exists between the Christian Reformed Church and the Orthodox Prcsbyterian Church in doctrine, polity, and practice it is an obligation resting upon these two churches to make every legitimate endeavor to bring this unity and community to their consistent expression in the organic union of the two denominations."
From 1957 until 1961, a period of 5 years, the joint committees worked to explore and understand the similarities and differences which exist between the two denominations. Each year the Synod received a report on the progress being made. These reports are contained in the Acts of Synod for these years. Each year Synod encouraged the committee to continue its efforts. In 1959 the advisory committee on Church Order gave this strong encouragement:
"Synod encourage the committee not only to continue its work, but also to increase its efforts to establish sisterly relationships with the Orthodox Presbyterian Church so that the way may be paved to possible eventual union." (Acts 1959, p. 22).
In 1962 the contact committee submitted a report to Synod in which it stated that the differences between the two denominations which seem to provide the main obstacles to union lie in the area of polity, not in the areas of doctrine or liturgy. This is, of course, not to suggest that there are no differences in doctrine or liturgy. It is judgment of the committee that the differences in polity are the most significant at this juncture in our discussions with the OPC. If the two denominations should be able to resolve the differences in polity, this committee is confident that we shall be able to resolve other differences in a mutually satisfactory manner.
Our report in 1962 pointed back to the decisions of the Synod of 1944, and proposed at that time Synod had caught a vision of the Biblical teachings regarding the necessity of union and the consequent obligations resting upon such a vision. A part of the twelfth principle of 1944 was quoted:
"It need hardly be said, that if the Christian Reformed Church should make agreement with itself alike in essentials and non-essentials an inexorable condition of ecclesiastical federation, the hopeless abortion of the plan would be a foregone conclusion" (Acts 1944, p. 361).
The report also reminded Synod that in 1944 it was already suggested that a study be made of:
". . . the basis on which the Christian Reformed Church could and should unite with the Reformed Churches of North America that would be worthy of a proposal of union and would entertain such a proposal, with particular reference to the distinction (of principle No. 12); viz., that between essentials and non-essentials on the score respectively of doctrine, polity, and liturgy" (Act; 1944, p. 361).
The contact committee in its report of 1962 also reminded Synod that so far no such committee had ever been appointed to study and formulate a guide for the discernment of the distinction between "essentials and non-essentials." We felt that such a study would greatly benefit this committee in its contact with the OPC. We specifically asked for such a study to be undertaken giving special attention to matters of polity. We felt that more concrete progress could be made in our discussions with the OPC if we had a Synodical clarification of what is to be considered "essential and non-essential" in the areas of polity. Such a study, we felt, would be in accord with the decisions of the Synod of 1944. The Synod of 1962, however, did not accept our recommendation to undertake such a study, and gave instead the following mandate to the committee:
"That Synod request the Committee on Closer Relationships with the OPC to present to synod a list of the points at issue in matters of church polity between the OPC and the CRC with specific suggestions for the resolution of these points, or areas of disagreement."
The remainder of this report is an attempt to comply with this request of Synod.
II. Differences in Polity
There seem to be two possible ways to approach the problem before us. 1) First, we might list in a piecemeal fashion all the differences that exist between the two denominations. We could then discuss the relative merits of our respective positions on each of these points and try to resolve the differences in some mutually acceptable fashion. On the other hand, another approach recommends itself. 2) We can seek to establish the basic, underlying principle or principles which lead to the practical differences in polity, and try first of all to reach some agreement on matters of principle. The first approach, we feel, has certain weaknesses. In the first place, how could we ever be certain of drawing up a list of differences that would be exhaustive and yet satisfying to all concerned? A second disadvantage noted is that such a list of differences would certainly be lengthy and perhaps unwieldy. Furthermore, as long as the differences in principle are not resolved, then practical differences will continue to proliferate between the two denominations. These considerations have led our committee to pursue the second approach to the problem, viz., the approach that looks to the principles involved.
After much discussion and exploration we are ready to state that most of the differences between the OPC and the CRC (with reference to church polity) stem from the.difference in authority that the two denominations assign to their major essemblies [sic]. This fact was stated to Synod last year by way of this committee's report (Acts 1962, p. 355). The principles that seem to be involved in this difference will be pointed out as this report proceeds.
At this point we turn to a comparison of the most relevant parts of the CRC Church Order and the OPC Form of Government to illustrate the precise point that is before us. The present Church Order of the CRC (Art. 31), reads:
"If anyone complains that he has been wronged by the decision of a minor assembly, he shall have the right to appeal to a major ecclesiastical assembly, and whatever may be agreed upon by a majority vote shall be considered settled and binding, unless it be proved to conflict with the Word of God or with the Articles of the Church Order, as long as they are not changed by a General Synod."
An analysis of this article of the CRC Church Order indicates that it presupposes a certain principle regarding the authority of major assemblies as that authority is related to the Word of God. The principle underlying the article seems to be the assertion that the instituted church may, in its major assemblies, bind minor assemblies and also the conscience of individual believers with its decisions as long as such decisions do not go contrary to the word of God. The church thus, in its binding authority, may not go contrary to the Word of God, but it may go beyond the Word of God. The idea seems to be that as long as the decision of a major assembly is not forbidden by the Word of God, it can be made binding alike upon the office-bearers and the members of the churches.
Now it might be argued that Art. 31 of the present Church Order considers the authority of the major assembly in a very limited context, viz., that of an appeal, and that therefore this article does not rest upon a principle regarding the general authority of the major assembly, as our previous paragraph suggests. Such an argument for the limited context of Art. 31 is not supported, however, by the proposed revision of Art. 31 of the Church Order (Acts 1962, p. 417).
"a. Decisions of ecclesiastical assemblies shall be reached only upon due consideration, and whenever possible by common consent; if unanimity on an issue cannot be reached the minority shall abide by the judgment of the majority. The decisions of the assemblies shall be considered settled and binding.
"b. Ecclesiastical assemblies and church members have the right to appeal to the assembly next in order when they are convinced that a decision of an assembly is contrary to the Word of God or the Church Order, or is detrimental to the church, or has done injustice to them.
"c. Appellants shall observe all ecclesiastical regulations regarding the manner and time of appeal."
It will be noted that point "a," the first part of the article, does not limit the authority in question to appeals, and does not qualify or limit that authority for it is simply stated that "The decisions of the assemblies shall be considered settled and binding." Notice also that point "b" reasserts the relationship between the authority of the major assemblies and the Word of God that has already been referred to.
By way of sharp contrast to this article of our Church Order we compare the following Section of the OPC Form of Government:
"That all church power, whether exercised by the body in general, or in the way of representation by delegated authority, is only ministerial and declarative, that is to say, that the Holy Scriptures are the only rule of faith and manners; that no church judicatory ought to pretend to make laws to bind the conscience in virtue of its own authority; and that all its decisions should be founded upon the revealed will of God. Now though it will easily be admitted that all synods and councils may err, through the frailty inseparable from humanity, yet there is much greater danger from the usurped claim of making laws, than from the right of judging upon laws already made and common to all who profess the gospel; although this right, as necessity requires in the present state, be lodged with fallible men." (Form of Government, Chapter I, Section 7)
This section of the OPC Form of Government follows from the creedal statement of the Westminster Confession of Faith of 1643, Chapter XX, Sec. 2:
"God alone is Lord of the conscience, and hath left it free from the doctrines and commandments of men, which are, in any thing, contrary to His Word, or beside it, in matters of faith, or worship."
The principle underlying the OPC Form of Government at this point seems to be the assertion that Scripture as the Word of God, and nothing else, may bind the consciences of men; especially in matters of faith and worship. A major assembly has no authority in and of itself apart from the Word of God to allow it, for instance, to go beyond the Word of God in determining what is to be binding upon the churches, and the individual believers. Ecclesiastical authority, lying solely in Christ and His Word, can only be "ministerial and declarative." These principles of the OPC stem from one of the fundamental principles of the Protestant Reformation, viz., that the Scriptures are to be the only rule of faith and practice, and that as such they are sufficient to the needs of the church. Nothing may stand alongside the Scriptures with equal authority and therefore be equally binding on the conscience.
Thus we conclude that there is a clear clash of principle between the OPC and the CRC with reference to the relationship that is thought to exist between the authority of major assemblies and the sufficient, and unique authority of the Word of God. For the reasons given above the OPC is most unwilling to bind its membership, especially in the areas of faith and worship, with anything that is not directly prescribed by Scripture. And, on the other hand, the OPC cannot accept the willingness of the CRC to bind its membership with precepts that, though they may not contradict Scripture, do go beyond Scripture, and this in areas of faith and worship. References to a few of the items in the proposed revision of the Church Order may serve to illustrate the sort of thing to which the OPC would be expected to take exception.
1. Art. 50-Synod is to designate the Bible versions to be used in the worship services.
2. Art. 54-The congregation shall assemble for worship at least twice on the Lord's Day to hear God's Word.
3. Art. 54-Worship services shall be held in commemoration of the specified days
4. Art. 55-Synod stipulates the versions, liturgical forms, and songs that are to be used in worship services.
5. Art. 56-At one of the services each Lord's Day, the Word shall be preached as summarized in the Heidelberg Catechism.
6 Art. 58-Sacraments shall be administered with the use of the eccleslastical forms.
7. Art. 63-Specifies frequency with which the Lord's Supper shall be administered.
8. Art. 63-Specifies that Lord's Supper be preceded by a preparatory sermon, and be followed by an applicatory sermon.
9. Art. 64-Specifies the contents of public prayers.
10. Art. 68-Specifies annual home visitation.
11. Art. 72-Marriage shall be solemnized with the use of the ecclesiastical form.
The above listing is not exhaustive. More illustrations could be cited. Many synodically binding decisions would fall under the same objections of the OPC. The question for the OPC is not whether such practices, as are referred to above, are good or not, but whether such practices may be made binding upon the local congregations. The OPC judges that such practices may not be made binding upon the churches since such practices are not prescribed by the Word of God, the sole source of authority in the church. The OPC concludes that those matters about which the Word of God is silent should be assigned to the realm of ecclesiastical adiaphora (i.e., things neither required nor forbidden by God), and as such cannot be made binding upon the churches.
Now it might be argued that the church may exercise authority in the realm of the adiaphora in order that "all things be done decently and in order." (cf. I Cor. 14:40). Article 1 of the present Church Order apparently has this in mind when it states "For the maintenance of good order in the Church of Christ it is necessary that there should be. . . ." The OPC, as well as the CRC, is committed to this principle for it is clearly stated in the Word of God with reference, as the context indicates, to the worship of the church. The point to consider however. is whether the application of this principle may be allowed to eclipse more fundamental Scriptural principles, viz., those having to do with the unique and sufficient authority of Scripture, the liberty of the individual conscience, and the nature of the church and its authority. Such weighty matters cannot be set aside by a simple appeal to I Cor. 14:40. Reference at this point may be made to the Westminster Confession of Faith, Chapter I, Sec.6:
"The whole counsel of God concerning all things necessary for His own glory, man's salvation, faith and life, is either expressly set down in Scripture, or by good and necessary consequence may be deduced from Scripture; unto which nothing at any time is to be added, whether by new revelations of the Spirit, or traditions of men. Nevertheless, we acknowledge the inward illumination of the Spirit of God to be necessary for the saving understanding of such things as are revealed in the Word; and that there are some circumstances concerning the Worship of God, and government of the church, common to human actions and societies, which are to be ordered by the light of nature, and Christian prudence, according to the general rules of the Word, which are always to be observed."
This section of the Confession points us in the direction in which the OPC understands that harmony is to be achieved between the principle that the Word of God is the unique and sufficient authority in the church, and the principle that all things are to be done decently and in order. To the faith and life of the individual nothing is to be added as binding beyond the Word of God. In the affairs of the instituted church "the light of nature, and Christian prudence" may, however, suggest that certain things should be made common to the churches. At this point, it is noticed, the Confession places a limitation upon such decisions in that the circumstances involved must be "common to human actions and societies." That is to say such decisions must submit to and make allowance for the catholic (universal) nature of the church. The church, in such decisions, must give due consideration to the varying needs and circumstances in which the local congregations find themselves. So, for instance, the local consistory may specify that two worship services are to be held each Lord's Day because it can make such a decision giving due allowance to that which is "common to human actions and societies," while it is more questionable whether Synod, which represents a wider range of needs and circumstances, is in as good a position to make a like judgment. Or, for instance, the local church may determine for itself how many members there ought to be in the consistory, what time of day the worship services are to be held, etc., because it is in the best position to make such decisions since it alone is cognizant of the "human actions and society" that is involved.
In this report we have limited our analysis of the differences in principle between the two denominations to an exploration of the relationship that is thought to exist between the authority of the major assemblies and the sufficient and unique authority of Scripture. We also could have entered into an exploration of the differences of principle by exploring 1) the relation between the authority of the major assembly and the liberty of the individual conscience, or 2) the relation between the authority of the major assembly and the nature of the church. A pursuit of either path would have led to the same conclusions that have already been presented.
III. Resolution of the Differences
If we have correctly analyzed the nature of the differences between the polity of the CRC and the OPC with respect to the authority given to major assemblies, we must conclude that the position of the OPC is more nearly correct than our own. This becomes evident when we consider the matters that have been mentioned above, viz., 1) the sufficient, and unique authority of Scripture, 2) the liberty of the individual conscience, and 3) the nature of the church.
This committee therefore concludes that our ecumenical discussions with the OPC have brought into clear focus the fact that a resolution of that which is perhaps most basic of all to the differences in polity (the authority given to major assemblies) rests upon the willingness of the CRC to reconsider its position. It is difficult to conceive how we may, in good conscience, ask the OPC to accept our customs and habits as binding upon their membership. By what authority may we ask them to accept as binding precepts and practices about which the Scriptures are silent?
There can be little doubt of the truth of the assertion that CRC adiaphora, as long as they remain mandatory upon our membership and the terms by which fellowship is to be established with other denominations, will constitute an impossible impediment to union with the OPC (and for that matter, with other denominations). Valid reasons may be given for not uniting with the OPC (or other denominations), but the unwillingness of the CRC to "let loose" of the adiaphora should not be one of them. Should this be the "rock" upon which our ecumenical efforts with the OPC flounder and perish, then a most regrettable thing will have happened. It is our hope that the prayers of Christ for the unity of His church, and the claims of our Christian brothers for our fellowship (on the basis of terms that are set by Christ as King of the Church) will be more compelling than the claims of our own habits and customs. We hope that the vision that came to the Synod of 1944 will not be lost. We must learn to distinguish between essentials and non-essentials in matters of Reformed Church polity, and must be willing to forsake the non-essentials when circumstances call for this.
If the CRC can make adjustments in this matter, then this committee can hope for definite progress in the future of our ecumenical relationships with the OPC. Without this sort of adjustment, the prospects of uniting the two denominations, which we have held before ourselves as an ideal for many years, are not promising.
IV. Recommendations
It is realized by this committee that a rectification of our polity in the direction proposed will not be a simple or easy matter. In a very real sense our polity has become enmeshed with the fabric of our denominational life, and modification is bound to cause some apprehension and fear among us. We must, however, move toward the resolution of the conflict, demonstrating thereby our good intention with the Lord and our brethren in the ecumenical discussions that are taking place, and our willingness to submit ourselves, and others who may unite with us, to the Word of God alone.
We, therefore, recommend to the Synod of 1963:
First, that the chairman of the committee, Rev. Robert Prins, be allowed to represent the committee before the advisory committee and Synod.
Second, that Synod restudy and reconsider the authority which is now ascribed to our major assemblies.
Grounds:
(a) The teaching of the Word of God concerning the sufficient and unique authority of the Scripture, the liberty of the individual conscience, and the nature of the church call for such a reevaluation.
(b) Our ecumenical discussions with the OPC compel us to make such a re-evaluation and reconsideration at the present time, which the Synod of 1944 indicated should happen.
(c) By accepting this recommendation Synod will take a constructive step toward resolving the differences in polity, which it has asked this committee to clarify.
Third, that Synod do not accept the proposed revision of the Church Order at this time.
Grounds:
(a) The principles upon which the revision is based need to be clarified.
(b) Adoption of the proposed revision of the Church Order will serve to weaken our opportunities for progress in the ecumenical discussion we have with the OPC.
Sincerely,
Rev. N. Robert Prins, chairman
Rev. Edson T. Lewis, Jr., Secretary
Rev. John E. Meeter
Mr. Peter Wattez
RULES OF PROCEDURE
CLASSIS MIDWEST
OF THE
UNITED REFORMED CHURCHES IN NORTH AMERICA
INTRODUCTION
As a classis, seeking to honor the apostolic command that in the churches all things be done decently and in order, we adopt the following guidelines to regulate our proceedings. Seeking to work in an ecclesiastical manner, we commit ourselves to mutual consultation and careful consideration of God's Word as we endeavor to reach mutually agreed upon conclusions. These rules are for the purpose of serving the will of the assembly, not hindering it. They are adopted to facilitate, not obstruct, the deliberative process. However, when it seems advisable, they may be suspended, amended, revised or abrogated by a majority vote of classis.
I. CONVENING AND CONSTITUTING OF CLASSIS
A. Classis shall be convened and constituted as prescribed by the Church Order and these Rules of Procedure.
B. Classis shall convene at least twice annually at a time and place determined by the previous classis. Each classis shall designate a convening church for the next meeting, ordinarily following an alphabetical rotation of the churches.
C. Additional meetings of classis may be held at the discretion of the next convening consistory and must be held at the request of two or more consistories.
D. Classis shall be called to order by a member of the convening consistory designated to serve as president pro tem. The president pro tem shall conduct the opening devotions, receive the credentials of the delegates, call the roll, request the delegates present for the first time to sign the Form of Subscription and declare classis constituted.
E. The officers of classis shall be the president, the vice-president and the clerk. The ministers of classis shall take turns serving as president, following an alphabetical rotation of the churches provided the minister has attended at least two previous meetings of classis. The vice-president shall be the next minister eligible to serve as president. Upon nomination by a consistory on its credentials, classis may elect an elder to serve as president of the next meeting of classis, suspending the rotation for that meeting.
F. The sessions of classis shall be open to the public, unless classis decides to meet in executive session. Classis shall decide how the minutes of each executive session shall be reported.
G. The convening consistory shall make the proper arrangements for the meeting including meals and lodging for the delegates as required. The cost of the meals shall be reimbursed by the classis.
H. The privilege of the floor may be granted to those not delegated when it is considered useful or necessary. Ordinarily the privilege of the floor shall be granted to all ministers of the federation and all elders of classis.
I. Consistories not properly represented shall be required to submit an adequate explanation.
II. MATTERS LEGALLY BEFORE CLASSIS
A. Only matters on the prepared agenda and matters classis deems necessary shall be considered legally before classis. The agenda shall include only matters that are in keeping with Article 24 of the Church Order which may include:
1. Classical business such as reports of committees, classical functionaries, and representatives of classis. All such reports must be submitted to the clerk of classis eight (8) weeks prior to the meeting of classis to be included in the printed agenda.
2. Request of consistories for advice to proceed to further steps in cases of discipline. No advice will be given without the written statement of the case and its grounds on the classical credentials.
3. Overtures from consistories which must be submitted eight (8) weeks prior to the meeting of classis.
4. Appeals and protests by consistories or individual members who cannot yield to the decisions of the assemblies, provided they have followed the procedure of Church Order Article 28.
5. Colloquium doctum and exams for candidacy and ordination (See Church Order appendices 2, 3, and 4).
6. Addresses by fraternal delegates.
7. All other matters which classis declares acceptable by majority vote.
B. Overtures submitted too late to appear on the printed agenda may be considered by way of exception after evaluation by classis of the reasons given for their lateness.
C. Representatives of causes, institutions and agencies shall not be permitted to make promotional addresses to classis, though they may set up displays at the discretion of the host church. Missionaries called by URC churches may be permitted to address classis concerning their work.
III. OFFICERS, FUNCTIONARIES AND THEIR DUTIES
A. The President
1. As presiding officer, the president shall call the sessions to order at the proper time and see that the sessions are properly opened and closed.
2. He shall see to it that the business is transacted in proper order and expedited as much as possible, and that the members observe the rules of order and decorum.
3. He shall welcome fraternal delegates and other guests, respond to greetings received, or appoint members of classis for this purpose.
4. He shall place before classis every motion that is made and seconded and he shall clearly state every question before a vote is taken. He may allow for a consensus forming discussion of agenda items before a motion is made.
5. He shall remain impartial on any pending question. If he wishes to express himself on any pending question he shall relinquish the chair to the vice-president and shall not resume the chair until the matter under consideration is resolved. He may speak, while holding the chair, to state matters of fact or to inform classis regarding points of order.
6. He shall recognize only those who have properly asked for the floor.
7. He shall have and duly exercise the right of declaring a motion or a person out of order. If this ruling is challenged (this challenge must be made immediately), classis shall sustain or reject the ruling by a majority vote.
8. He shall make a ruling at once in case of a point of order. If this ruling is challenged by a member (this challenge must be made immediately), the ruling shall be sustained or reversed by majority vote of classis.
9. When a president's ruling is challenged, he shall immediately relinquish the chair to the vice-president until his ruling is either sustained or reversed.
10. When a vote is a tie, the president may cast the deciding vote, if he has not already voted.
11. He shall not preside in a matter that primarily and specifically concerns himself or the consistory of which he is a member.
B. The Vice-President
The vice-president shall assist the president and shall assume the chair when ever the president requests or as the rules may require.
C. The Clerk
1. The clerk and his alternate shall be chosen for three year terms. The clerk shall not serve more than two consecutive terms.
2. He shall keep a record of all the proceedings of classis. This record shall consist of:
a. Particulars regarding opening and closing the sessions and the roll call.
b. All main motions whether carried or lost.
c. All decisions of classis.
d. Reference to all reports of committees and special appointees.
e. Reference to persons and their addresses to classis.
f. Any document or part of debate or address that classis by a majority vote decides to include in the minutes.
3. He shall read the concept minutes for approval at the beginning of each session and before the adjournment of classis.
4. He shall keep the archives and preserve a faithful transcription of the concept minutes for a permanent record. Special notation shall be made in the transcribed minutes of any decision affecting these rules. The record shall not contain:
a. Any motion other than a main motion which was rejected.
b. Any withdrawn motion.
c. Any procedural motion.
5. He shall arrange and compile the agenda and send one (1) copy to each member consistory at least six (6) weeks before classis convenes. Credentials, which include the questions of Church Order Article 25, shall be sent with the agenda.
6. He shall invite fraternal delegates as determined by classis.
7. He shall prepare and distribute one (1) copy of the transcribed minutes for each member consistory as soon as possible after classis meets. He shall send one (1) copy to the clerks of the other classes.
8. He shall prepare a report of matters that are of significant interest and distribute it to the churches of classis and appropriate media representatives.
9. He shall conduct all correspondence of classis and present a report on his work to each meeting of classis. He shall be supervised by the next convening consistory.
10. Remuneration for the clerk shall be determined by classis at the second regular meeting of each even numbered year.
D. The Treasurer
1. The treasurer and his alternate shall be chosen for three year terms. The treasurer shall not serve more than two consecutive terms.
2. He shall report at each meeting of classis and provide a complete annual report of the previous year at the first meeting of classis each year, with copies for every consistory.
3. He shall compile and present a proposed budget annually for the next year.
4. He shall pay all expenses incurred for services rendered on behalf of classis and keep a proper record of amounts received and disbursed.
5. He shall be duly and sufficiently bonded at the expense of classis.
6. He shall recommend to the first meeting of classis each year that an auditor be chosen.
7. He shall retain all his ledger books and deposit any older than seven years in the classical archives.
8. Remuneration for the treasurer shall be determined at the second regular meeting in each odd numbered year.
IV. COMMITTEES
A. Nature and Authority
1. The purpose of committees shall be to serve classis in matters entrusted to them at classis or during the interim between classis meetings.
2. The authority of committees shall be limited to the mandates given them by classis. No committee may arrogate to itself duties or mandates not specifically assigned to it.
3. Committees shall appoint their own officers unless classis appoints them.
4. In the event of a vacancy in a committee, an alternate fills out the term of the member and in the next election a new alternate shall be chosen.
B. Committees
1. Classical Interim Committee
a. It shall be the consistory designated to convene the next meeting of classis.
b. It shall do all things which are entrusted to it and attend to all matters which require action between the meetings of classis.
c. It shall report in writing at every meeting of classis.
d. It shall oversee the work of the classical clerk.
2. Credentials Committee
a. The credentials committee shall be appointed by the president at the beginning of each classis meeting and shall examine the credentials to see that they are in good order and that the Church Order Article 25 questions are answered satisfactorily.
b. They shall bring to the attention of classis any requests for advice or help from classis found on the credentials.
3. Other Committees
Classis may appoint committees to study and report concerning matters of importance or to carry out specific resolutions of past meetings. They shall function in accord with the following rules:
a. The person first named at the appointment of the committee shall be its president and the one named second its reporter.
b. The president shall call the committee together, preside at its meetings, and see that it functions properly.
c. Any member of classis may appear before any committee for the purpose of speaking to the committee about any matter referred to it.
d. Committee reports shall be signed by the president and the reporter of the committee. In case of a minority report, each report must be signed by the members who favor it.
e. The report of the majority shall be considered the report of the committee. After the committee's report has been read and the motion to adopt has been made and seconded, the minority report shall be read and received as information.
f. When the report of a committee has been previously distributed to classis in printed form, and the members of classis have had sufficient time to examine it, the first reading of the report is not required. The reporter, when called upon, may simply move that the report be accepted for consideration.
g. During the discussion the task of defending the report shall rest primarily upon the president and the reporter of the committee. These shall have precedence over every other speaker and shall not be limited as to the number and length of their speeches. Other committee members shall be subject to the accepted rules.
h. Recommendations of a committee are main motions and may be recommitted whenever classis judges doing so would expedite its work.
V. RULES OF ORDER
A. MAIN MOTION
This is a motion that presents a certain subject to classis for consideration or action.
1. The main motion is acceptable under the following conditions.
a. If the mover has been recognized by the chair and his motion has been seconded by a member of classis.
b. If, at the request of the president, the motion has been presented in writing.
c. If the president judges the motion acceptable.
2. A main motion is not acceptable under the following conditions:
a. If it conflicts with the Church Order or is contrary to Scripture as interpreted by the Three Forms of Unity.
b. If another motion is before classis; if it conflicts with any decision already taken by classis in its current meeting; or if it interferes with the freedom of action by classis in a matter that was previously introduced but of which no final disposal was made.
c. If it is substantially the same as a motion already rejected by classis.
B. MOTION TO AMEND
This is a proposal to amend a main motion in language or in meaning before final action is taken on the motion.
1. A motion to amend may propose any of the following: to strike out, to insert, or to substitute for certain words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs.
2. A motion to amend may not nullify the main motion and it must be germane to the main motion, that is, no new matter may be introduced to classis under the guise of an amendment. (The president shall judge whether an amendment is acceptable or he may submit the matter to a vote.)
3. A motion to amend an amendment is permissible and is called a secondary motion. Only one such amendment may be considered at a time.
C. MOTION TO DEFER OR WITHHOLD ACTION
1. A motion to table a matter to a definite time
a. When classis deems it advisable, it may decide to table a motion temporarily or to a definite time. Tabling a motion temporarily implies that the assembly will resume consideration on the motion at a later hour or date.
b. This motion is debatable and may be amended.
c. If a motion to postpone definitely has passed, no other motion similar in word or thought to the postponed motion may appear before classis.
d. The matter postponed may be taken up before the specified time by a majority vote of classis.
e. If a motion to amend has been postponed definitely, the main motion to which the postponed amendment is related is likewise deferred.
e. Any number of matters may be postponed to the same time. When that time arrives, the matters deferred are taken up in the order of their postponement.
f. When the hour to which such matters have been deferred arrives, and classis is at that time busy with an undecided question, classis need not be disturbed or interrupted in its work by the consideration of postponed matters, if these can wait until the question then before classis has been disposed of.
2. A motion to withhold action or table indefinitely
This motion is to be used when classis wishes to be rid of a matter without deciding either positively or negatively.
D. PRIVILEGED MOTIONS
1. Calls for the order of the day
When any member of classis believes that the regular business of classis is being obstructed or interrupted by irrelevant or unimportant material, he has the right to rise and to call for the order of the day. This means that he desires classis to return to the regular course of action. The following rules apply:
a. A call for the order of the day may be made without recognition and while a member is speaking.
b. Such a call is undebatable, needs no seconding, and must be put to a vote.
c. It has precedence over every other motion except a motion to adjourn or to take a recess.
2. Points of order
It is the duty of the president to apply the rules of order and to prevent infractions. Should a member believe that the rules have been misinterpreted or misapplied he may rise stating that he wishes to make a point of order. Asked by the chair to state the point, he does so, and the president renders his decision at once on the point in question. The following rules apply:
a. A point of order may be raised at any time and must be recognized by the president.
b. It needs no seconding and is undebatable.
c. In case the member making the point of order is not satisfied with the decision of the chair, he may appeal to the floor. When this is done, the point of order becomes undebatable and a simple majority is sufficient to sustain, or overthrow the president's decision.
3. Call for a division of the question
With a majority vote of classis, a motion consisting of several parts must be divided into its component parts and each part must be voted on separately.
E. MOTION TO BRING MATTERS ONCE DECIDED AGAIN BEFORE CLASSIS
If any member of classis for weighty reasons desires reconsideration of a matter once decided, one of the following motions may be used.
1. A motion to reconsider
a. The intent of this motion is to propose a new discussion and a new vote. This motion must be made by someone who voted with the prevailing side.
b. A motion to reconsider must be made in the same meeting which the motion in question was passed.
c. It is unacceptable if action has begun in accordance with the motion in question.
d. A motion to reconsider may be tabled to a definite time, but it may not be amended, withheld indefinitely, or referred to a committee.
e. A motion to reconsider is debatable insofar as the reasons for reconsideration are concerned.
2. A motion to rescind
a. The purpose of a motion to rescind is to annul a decision.
b. All motions to rescind shall require a two-thirds majority to carry.
c. A motion to rescind is debatable, including both the reasons for rescind-ing as well as the merits of the original question.
d. Rescinding applies to decisions taken by classis in session. It does not apply to decisions taken by previous classes. A succeeding classis may alter the stand of a previous classis or it may reach a conclusion which is at variance with a conclusion reached by an earlier classis. In such cases the most recent decision invalidates all previous decisions in conflict with it.
F. DEBATE
1. To obtain the floor, a member must be recognized by the president.
2. If a member obtains the floor, he shall address his remarks only to the president and never to any member of classis. If he fails to adhere to the point under discussion or becomes unnecessarily lengthy, the president shall call attention to these faults and insist on pointedness and brevity.
3. Those who have not yet spoken twice on a pending issue shall be given priority over those members who have already spoken twice.
4. The president, when he believes that a measure has been sufficiently debated, shall have the right to propose cessation of debate. Should a majority of the members sustain this proposal, debate shall end at once and the main motion and any pending amendments shall be voted on.
5. Any member, when he deems a matter to have been sufficiently debated, may move to cease debate and call for the previous question. This motion is undebatable and is to be voted on at once. If it passes by a majority, debate shall cease only after all those who had previously requested the floor and been recognized by the president have had opportunity to speak. It is not acceptable when a motion to table, to commit, to recommit, to postpone definitely, or to withhold action is before classis.
6. A member may not speak to a motion and then immediately move to cease debate or call for the question.
G. OBJECTION TO THE CONSIDERATION OF QUESTIONS
When a member rises to make such objection, the president shall ask him to state his objection. The president, having heard his objection, either sustains or overrules it and states his reason for so doing. If the objector is not satisfied by the ruling of the chair he may appeal to classis. When he does so the objection becomes debatable and requires a majority to be sustained.
H. RIGHT OF PROTEST
It is the right of any member of classis to protest any decision of classis. Protests should be registered immediately or during the session in which the matter was decided. Protests must be filed individually and not in groups. A member may request his name and vote be recorded in protest, or he may submit a written protest.
I. PROCEDURAL INQUIRY
Any member of classis may request advice of the president regarding how to accomplish a purpose for which he does not know the proper means.
J. VOTING
Various methods of voting may be used:
1. By voice ("Yes" and "No"). This is the ordinary method of voting.
2. By rising or a show of hands. Whenever the president is unable to determine from the voice vote whose opinion has prevailed, or if the president's judgment is questioned by any member of classis, the president shall call for rising or a show of hands.
3. By roll call. Names and votes to be recorded in minutes. This method to be employed only when decided by majority vote.
4. By ballot. Classis must vote by ballot in election of officers. In other cases classis may vote by ballot if a majority so decides.
5. Classis may require a two-thirds majority for the adoption of very important measures.
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